-
ං
U+0D82
SINHALA SIGN ANUSVARAYA -
ඃ
U+0D83
SINHALA SIGN VISARGAYA -
අ
U+0D85
SINHALA LETTER AYANNA -
ආ
U+0D86
SINHALA LETTER AAYANNA -
ඇ
U+0D87
SINHALA LETTER AEYANNA -
ඈ
U+0D88
SINHALA LETTER AEEYANNA -
ඉ
U+0D89
SINHALA LETTER IYANNA -
ඊ
U+0D8A
SINHALA LETTER IIYANNA -
උ
U+0D8B
SINHALA LETTER UYANNA -
ඌ
U+0D8C
SINHALA LETTER UUYANNA -
ඍ
U+0D8D
SINHALA LETTER IRUYANNA -
ඎ
U+0D8E
SINHALA LETTER IRUUYANNA -
ඏ
U+0D8F
SINHALA LETTER ILUYANNA -
ඐ
U+0D90
SINHALA LETTER ILUUYANNA -
එ
U+0D91
SINHALA LETTER EYANNA -
ඒ
U+0D92
SINHALA LETTER EEYANNA -
ඓ
U+0D93
SINHALA LETTER AIYANNA -
ඔ
U+0D94
SINHALA LETTER OYANNA -
ඕ
U+0D95
SINHALA LETTER OOYANNA -
ඖ
U+0D96
SINHALA LETTER AUYANNA -
ක
U+0D9A
SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA KAYANNA -
ඛ
U+0D9B
SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA KAYANNA -
ග
U+0D9C
SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA GAYANNA -
ඝ
U+0D9D
SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA GAYANNA -
ඞ
U+0D9E
SINHALA LETTER KANTAJA NAASIKYAYA -
ඟ
U+0D9F
SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA GAYANNA -
ච
U+0DA0
SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA CAYANNA -
ඡ
U+0DA1
SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA CAYANNA -
ජ
U+0DA2
SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA JAYANNA -
ඣ
U+0DA3
SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA JAYANNA -
ඤ
U+0DA4
SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA NAASIKYAYA -
ඥ
U+0DA5
SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA SANYOOGA NAAKSIKYAYA -
ඦ
U+0DA6
SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA JAYANNA -
ට
U+0DA7
SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA TTAYANNA -
ඨ
U+0DA8
SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA TTAYANNA -
ඩ
U+0DA9
SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA DDAYANNA -
ඪ
U+0DAA
SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA DDAYANNA -
ණ
U+0DAB
SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA NAYANNA -
ඬ
U+0DAC
SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA DDAYANNA -
ත
U+0DAD
SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA TAYANNA -
ථ
U+0DAE
SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA TAYANNA -
ද
U+0DAF
SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA DAYANNA -
ධ
U+0DB0
SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA DAYANNA -
න
U+0DB1
SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA NAYANNA -
ඳ
U+0DB3
SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA DAYANNA -
ප
U+0DB4
SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA PAYANNA -
ඵ
U+0DB5
SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA PAYANNA -
බ
U+0DB6
SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA BAYANNA -
භ
U+0DB7
SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA BAYANNA -
ම
U+0DB8
SINHALA LETTER MAYANNA -
ඹ
U+0DB9
SINHALA LETTER AMBA BAYANNA -
ය
U+0DBA
SINHALA LETTER YAYANNA -
ර
U+0DBB
SINHALA LETTER RAYANNA -
ල
U+0DBD
SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA LAYANNA -
ව
U+0DC0
SINHALA LETTER VAYANNA -
ශ
U+0DC1
SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA SAYANNA -
ෂ
U+0DC2
SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA SAYANNA -
ස
U+0DC3
SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA SAYANNA -
හ
U+0DC4
SINHALA LETTER HAYANNA -
ළ
U+0DC5
SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA LAYANNA -
ෆ
U+0DC6
SINHALA LETTER FAYANNA -
්
U+0DCA
SINHALA SIGN AL-LAKUNA -
ා
U+0DCF
SINHALA VOWEL SIGN AELA-PILLA -
ැ
U+0DD0
SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI AEDA-PILLA -
ෑ
U+0DD1
SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA AEDA-PILLA -
ි
U+0DD2
SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI IS-PILLA -
ී
U+0DD3
SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA IS-PILLA -
ු
U+0DD4
SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI PAA-PILLA -
ූ
U+0DD6
SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA PAA-PILLA -
ෘ
U+0DD8
SINHALA VOWEL SIGN GAETTA-PILLA -
ෙ
U+0DD9
SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA -
ේ
U+0DDA
SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA KOMBUVA -
ෛ
U+0DDB
SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBU DEKA -
ො
U+0DDC
SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA HAA AELA-PILLA -
ෝ
U+0DDD
SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA HAA DIGA AELA-PILLA -
ෞ
U+0DDE
SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA HAA GAYANUKITTA -
ෟ
U+0DDF
SINHALA VOWEL SIGN GAYANUKITTA -
෦
U+0DE6
SINHALA LITH DIGIT ZERO -
෧
U+0DE7
SINHALA LITH DIGIT ONE -
෨
U+0DE8
SINHALA LITH DIGIT TWO -
෩
U+0DE9
SINHALA LITH DIGIT THREE -
෪
U+0DEA
SINHALA LITH DIGIT FOUR -
෫
U+0DEB
SINHALA LITH DIGIT FIVE -
෬
U+0DEC
SINHALA LITH DIGIT SIX -
෭
U+0DED
SINHALA LITH DIGIT SEVEN -
෮
U+0DEE
SINHALA LITH DIGIT EIGHT -
෯
U+0DEF
SINHALA LITH DIGIT NINE -
ෲ
U+0DF2
SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA GAETTA-PILLA -
ෳ
U+0DF3
SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA GAYANUKITTA -
෴
U+0DF4
SINHALA PUNCTUATION KUNDDALIYA
僧伽罗语是属于印欧语系的印度-伊朗语族的印度-雅利安语支的一种语言。马尔代夫官方语言之一的迪维希语是与之相近的语言。僧伽罗语书写采用源自古印度北部婆罗米文而形成的僧伽罗文。
大约公元前5世纪,来自西北印度的移民到达了斯里兰卡岛,带来了他们的印度-雅利安语(在编年史《大史》中提及的第一群移民是王子维阇耶和他的随从)。在随后的几个世纪中,来自东北印度(羯陵伽、摩揭陀)的后续迁徙导致了东部俗语特征的混合。僧伽罗语的发展有僧伽罗俗语、原始僧伽罗语、中世纪僧伽罗语、现代僧伽罗语。
僧伽罗语的西部特征的例子是词首 /v/ 的保留,在东部语言中它发展成为 /b/(比如梵语 viṃśati “twenty”, 僧伽罗语的 visi-,印地语的 bīs)。东部特征的一个例子是在僧伽罗俗语中阳性主格单数的结尾为 -e(而非西部-o)。有一些词汇成对同源的情况,比如单词 mässā(“fly”)和 mäkkā(“flea”),它们都对应于梵语makṣikā但是词干来自两个不同区域的俗语词 macchiā 和 makkhikā(同巴利语一样)。除了很多泰米尔语借词之外,一些临近达罗毘荼语中的语音和语法特征,使得口头僧伽罗语脱离于北部印度-雅利安语言,两群组的语言使用者的紧密共存为其明证。
僧伽罗语名词的主要特征是有格,数,限定和有生性。僧伽罗语区分三个变位类。口头僧伽罗语不在动词上标记人称、数或性(书面僧伽语要标记)。换句话说这里没有主语-动词一致。僧伽罗语没有系词:“I am rich”翻译成 mamə poːsat̪,字面意思是“I rich”。有两个用于方位断定的存在动词,但是这些动词不用于类-成员关系或性质-指派的断定,不像英语的 is。